Ethical Leadership, Organisational Integrity, and Trust:

 This study introduces the Ethical Leadership Ecosystem Model (ELEM), to conceptualise the dynamic  relationship between ethical leadership, organizational integrity, and follower trust. Departing from  traditional unidirectional or bidirectional models, ELEM emphasises the interconnectedness of these  variables, portraying them as a continuous, adaptive system that explains the concept of leadership in  contemporary organisations. The model integrates theoretical insights from transformational leadership,  social learning, and social exchange theories to provide a holistic perspective to ethical leadership. The  model also accounts for contextual factors such as culture and institutional structures, demonstrating  their influence on the ethical leadership triad. Therefore, unlike previous studies that have treated these  variables as discrete, static, or sequential phenomena, the current study posit that these variables are  fundamentally interdependent, with each variable simultaneously influencing and being influenced by  the others in a complex, systemic manner. Future researchers are encouraged to explore the model's  application in hybrid work environments, ESG initiatives, and other cultural contexts