Square Pegs in Round Holes: Problems with defining the occupation as the environment in John Holland’s P-E fit theory of vocational satisfaction.

This research examined the congruence problem within Holland’s Theory of Vocational Choice (1997). The congruence problem is defined as the unexpectedly weak associations between a good Person-Occupation Fit and positive outcomes (Arnold, 2004). In order to shed light on this issue, this research examined the experience of workers who defy fit theory, i.e. those either assessed a good fit with their occupation but are dissatisfied, or assessed a poor fit, yet are satisfied. Through this approach, we achieved a more detailed understanding of how workers interact with their environments, and produced findings that inform career guidance practice through improved matching tools and approaches. Given that 47% of UK workers desire career change and 23% regret their current career choice (LSBF, 2015), there are many who could potentially benefit from more informed approaches.