EV Charging in Case of Limited Power Resource

In the case of the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EV), it is well known that theiruse and charging could affect the network distribution system, with possible repercussions includingline overload and transformer saturation. In consequence, during periods of peak energy demand,the number of EVs that can be simultaneously charged, or their individual power consumption,should be controlled, particularly if the production of energy relies solely on renewablesources. This requires the adoption of adaptive and/or intelligent charging strategies. This paperfocuses on public charging stations and proposes methods of attribution of charging priority basedon the level of charge required and premiums. The proposed solution is based on model predictivecontrol (MPC), which maintains total current/power within limits (which can change with time) andimparts real?time priority charge scheduling of multiple charging bays. The priority is defined inthe diagonal entry of the quadratic form matrix of the cost function. In all simulations, the order ofEV charging operation matched the attributed priorities for the cases of ten cars within the availablepower. If two or more EVs possess similar or equal diagonal entry values, then the car with thesmallest battery capacitance starts to charge its battery first. The method is also shown to readilyallow participation in Demand Side Response (DSR) schemes by reducing the current temporarilyduring the charging operation.