[Review of the book Organizational behavior and transformational leadership by S. S. Abu Mahfouz]

Organizations can be viewed as open systems because they collaborate with external stakeholders to manage critical resources. When companies lack certain resources, they establish relationships with other companies to obtain those required resources (Alkaraan et al., 2023). Scholars shed light on the influence of governance and organizational leadership on business innovation strategies and sustainability (Alkaraan, 2023; Alkaraan & Floyd, 2020; Wu et al., 2023). The findings of Alkaraan et al. (2023) reveal the vital role transforaminal leadership and organizational ambidexterity play in business innovation strategies to cope with the changing business environment. Radicic and Alkaraan (2022) shed light on the influence relative effectiveness of open innovation strategies in single and complex business innovators. Among effective management systems, the importance of human resources is increasing. Employee performance is one of the most important factors affecting organizational performance (Al-Hazim et al., 2017; Hiyassat et al., 2016; Bekr, 2016, 2018).