The use of electric pulse training aids (EPTAs) in companion animals

There is currently little regulation of training and behaviour modificationprocesses in the UK (CAWC 2008) besides measures enshrined in the AnimalWelfare Act 2006 and a voluntary Code of Practice launched in 2010 (see:http://www.cawc.org.uk/080603.pdf). This Code is consistent with current UKlegislation outside of Wales and emphasises the need to safeguard thewelfare of all interested parties involved in the “training contract” (animals andpeople alike) and the importance of adopting sound scientific methods withinthe skills base of the practitioner. There is much debate and opinion overwhether the use of certain training techniques and devices meet theserequirements, especially the use of electric pulse training aids (EPTAs). AnEPTA is defined for the purposes of this report as a device designed for use inthe training of dogs, cats and other companion animal species, which involvesthe application of an electric current to the skin to aid the training process. InWales the use of all electronic collars has been banned ostensibly on animalwelfare grounds, including those related to boundary fencing (The AnimalWelfare (Electronic Collars) (Wales) Regulations 2010). It has beensuggested that there are currently around 350000 EPTAs in the UK, althoughthe number in active use is unknown. Nonetheless they clearly represent asignificant practice within the sphere of animal training and it is appropriatethat careful consideration be given to their use, especially when there appearsto be so much contradictory information available and such passionately heldconvictions (often linked to ethical and animal welfare concerns) by thoseexpressing an opinion. This report critically reviews current evidence andarguments used both for and against the use of such devices and theconclusions drawn. It highlights gaps in our knowledge and awareness of boththeory and practice. Recommendations are drawn on this basis.